Grammar for Structure Section On Toefl

Grammar for structure section on toefl test

1.      Simple Present Tense  :

1. used for expalaining the activity or habit.

Example :

• My mather going to the market every morning
• I study english once a week

2. The simple present is too used for explain the fact  or conditions of general truth

Example :

• The month is arrounding the earth

3. The present simple used for explain some condition that will be happen in the future

Example :

• Lila passes from Seoul
• I works hard every day

4. Ask Sentence : Do you always study in the middle of the night?
5. Negative sentence : used to put "do-not/don 't or dose-not/doesn' t after the subject of the sentence. Example : He doesn’t works in Friday
6. Fill in the blank sentence that usually in the toefl test .

• Mr. Lia always … (go) to the photo studio on Saturday
• The woman … (want) buy some fruits for her family
• Change the following sentences into negative

2.      Present Continous Tense

1. Used to show the condition or events that are happening or going when we're talking

Example : Don’t be noisy ! little daughter is sleeping

2. Used to indicate an event or events that are temporary

Example : My uncle is working in the police office for this time

3. Used to indicate a condition or situation changing

Example : The weather is badly, sometime it is cold and change directly into hot.

4. Used to indicate that something will be done in the future and have been planned in advance

Example : I spending my holiday next week

5. sentences questions : Formed by placing tobe (is, am, are) in front of the sentence.

Example : Are you finishing your homework?

6. Negative Sentence

Formed by adding 'not' post to be (am not, is not / isn 't, are not / aren' t) and placed after the subject of the sentence.

Example :

• My best friend is not calling me anymore
• The childrens are not palying in the park.

3.      Present Perfect Tense

1. Used to indicate an event or events that happened in the past and still continues to this day.

Example : I has worked in this company for 5 years.

2. Used to indicate an event or events that happened in the past and still do with the present or the consequences can be seen / felt now.We have received medals from the match

Example : Mr. Toni has been  arrived at Singapore

3. Used with "this moring, this afternoon, today, this week, this month, this year" to indicate that an event has been done repeatedly.

Example : You have visited to the village every month

4. Sentences Question  formed with have / has in the sentence. In Tanya sentence, the verb is always in the past participle form.

Example :

·         Have you met your brother?

·         Has she left this country?

5. Negative sentences Formed by using the "not" after "have / has" (have not / has not) and placed after the subject of the sentence.

Example : You haven’t reply my email

4.      Present Perfect Continous Tense

1. We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous.

Examples:

·                   They have been talking for the last hour.

·                   She has been working at that company for three years.

·                   What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?

• REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs
• It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses.

2. Adverb Placement

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

·       He has still been waiting here for two hours.

·       Has he still been waiting here for two hours?

Active / Passive

Examples:

·       Recently, Mira has been doing the interview. Active

·       Recently, the interview has been being done by Mira. Passive

NOTE: Present Perfect Continuous is less commonly used in its passive form

5.      Simple Past Tense

FORM : [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs

Examples:

·       You called Farhan.

·       Did you call Farhan?

·       You did not call Farhan.

a.      USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

Examples:

·       I went to the office yesterday.

·       You didn't see a match yesterday.

2. Adverb placement

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

·       You just called Sarah.

·       Did you just call Sarah?

Active / Passive

Examples:

·       Juniel repaired the computer. Active

·       The computer was repaired by Juniel. Passive

6.      Past Continous Tense

The past continuous of any verb is composed of two parts : the past tense of the verb to be (was/were), and the base of the main verb +ing.

a.       The past continuous describes actions or events in a time before now, which began in the past and was still going on at the time of speaking. In other words, it expresses an unfinished or incomplete action in the past.

Examples :

·         Lee Shin was reading when his drink the coffe.

·         When i arrived he was having a bath.

b.   Adverb Placement

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

• You were just reading when he called.
• Were you just studying when he called?

c.       Active / Passive

Examples:

• The police was helping the woman when the thief came into the store. Active
• The waman was being helped by the police when the thief came into the store. Passive

7.      Past Perfect Tense

FORM : [had + past participle]

Examples:

·         You had worked in Japan before you moved to Canada.

·         Had you worked Japan before you moved to Canada?

a.      Adverb Placement

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

·       You had previously worked in Japan before you moved to Canada.

·       Had you previously worked in Japan before you moved to Canada?

b.      Active / Passive

Examples:

·       John had repaired many motorcycle before he received his mechanic's license. Active

·       Many motorcycle had been repaired by John before he received his mechanic's license. Passive

8.      Simple Future Tense

The Future Tense indicates that an action is in the future relative to the speaker or writer. There are no inflected forms for the future in English (nothing like those -ed or -s endings in the other tenses). Instead, the future tense employs the helping verbs will or shall with the base form of the verb:

• he will leave soon.
• We shall overcome.

1. The future is also formed with the use of a form of "go" plus the infinitive of the verb:

Example : They are going to faint.

2. English can even use the present to suggest the future tense:

Example : I am leaving a milk today.

3. The construction form of to be + infinitive is used to convey a sense of planning for the future, command, or contingency.

Examples :

·         We are to be back on the stage by midnight.

·         If she is to pass this interview, she'll have to work harder.

4. To create a sense of imminent fulfillment, the word about can be combined with the infinitive.

Example : He is about to live.

5. Other adverbs can be used in similar constructions with various effects:

Examples :

·         Laras is liable to get in trouble

·         She is certain to do well in project

9.      Future Tense To be going to

In English, there are many ways of expressing future time. One of the most common is the "be going to" construction. This page will explain the main meaning of “be going to” and show you how to use “be going to” in sentences and questions.

1. How to form "be going to" sentences

To make a verb form with “be going to”, you first put “be” into the correct form to agree with the subject, and then add “going to” + the simple form of the verb. Note also that the “be” form is often shortened. This table lists the main forms:

Subject	Statement	Question	Negative
I	I am going to leave. I'm going to leave.	Am I going to leave?	I am not going to leave. I'm not going to leave.
You	You are going to leave. You're going to leave.	Are you going to leave?	You are not going to leave. You aren't going to leave. You're not going to leave.
He	He is going to leave. He's going to leave.	Is he going to leave?	He is not going to leave. He's not going to leave. He isn't going to leave.
She	She is going to leave. She's going to leave.	Is she going to leave?	She is not going to leave. She's not going to leave. She isn't going to leave.
It	It is going to leave. It's going to leave.	Is it going to leave?	It is not going to leave. It's not going to leave. It isn't going to leave.
We	We are going to leave. We're going to leave.	Are we going to leave?	We are not going to leave. We're not going to leave. We aren't going to leave.
They	They are going to leave. They're going to leave.	Are they going to leave?	They are not going to leave. They're not going to leave. They aren't going to leave.

2. The meaning of “be going to” future forms

“Be going to” is usually used when something is already planned or definite. Look at the difference between these sentences:

I'll make the cake tonight.

(Making a decision/volunteering to do something.)

10. Future Continous Tense

The future continuous tense is used to express action at a particular moment in the future. However, the action will not have finished at the moment.

The positive (will + be + verb-ing):

1. Positive Statements

SUBJECT	WILL BE	VERB  + ing	REST OF THE SENTENCE
I	will be	studying	at 4 p.m. tomorrow.
You	will be	studying	at 4 p.m. tomorrow.

2. Negative Statements

SUBJECT	WILL NOT BE	VERB + ing	REST OF THE SENTENCE
I	will not be	playing	at 6 p.m. tomorrow.
You	will not be	playing	at 6 p.m. tomorrow.

3. Interrogative Statements / Questions

WILL	SUBJECT	BE	VERB + ing	REST OF THE SENTENCE
Will	I	Be	sleeping	at 7 a.m tomorrow?
Will	you	Be	sleeping	at 7 a.m tomorrow?

11.  Future Perfect Tense

The future perfect is a verb form or construction used to describe an event that is expected or planned to happen before a time of reference in the future, such as will have finished in the English sentence :

"I will have finished by tomorrow."

a.       It is a grammatical combination of the future tense, or other marking of future time, and the perfect, a grammatical aspect that views an event as prior and completed.

Examples:

• By the time you arrive, we will have finished the meal and the speeches.

(Note: "By the time you arrive" identifies the point in the future.)

• I will have read every magazine in the waiting room before I see the dentist.

(Note: The clause "before I see the dentist" identifies the point in the future.)

b.      you can also have the negative version, which is formed "will not have" + "[past particple]":

• By the time you arrive, we will not have finished the meal and the speeches.
• I will not have read every magazine in the waiting room before I see the dentist.

c.       Question versions:

• Will you have finished the meal and the speeches by the time I arrive?
• Will you have read every magazine in the waiting room before you see the dentist?

There are five basic patterns around which most English sentences are built.* They are as follows:

S-V	Subject-Verb	John sleeps.
		Jack will arrive next week.
S-V-O	Subject-Verb-Object	I like rice.
		She loves her job.
S-V-Adj	Subject-Verb-Adjective	He is funny.
		Karen seems angry.
S-V-Adv	Subject-Verb-Adverb	Jim is here.
		Flowers are everywhere.
S-V-N	Subject-Verb-Noun	She is my mom.
		The men are doctors.

Passive Voice

Combination of auxiliary verbs with the passive.

•           be + 3 (Passive)

•           be + V ing (Progressive)

•           have + 3 (Perfect)

•           modal +1 (Modal)

Examples :

•           The tea is drunk by Ali. (Present tense)

•           The apple was drunk by Ali. (Past tense)

•           The apple is being drunk by Ali. (Present Progressive)

•           The apple had been drunk by Ali. (Past Perfect)

•           The apple will be drunk by Ali. ( Future/Modal)

•           The apple must be drunk by Ali. (Modal)

Noun Clauses

a.         Noun clause used as an object

He said something.                 What did he say?

S+V+ O = He said that he was sick

b.         Noun clause used as a subject

Something is your business.                What is your business?

S+V = Whatever you do is your business.

From the marked areas A, B, C and D, identify the one that is wrong, correct it.

1. (A) Their most favorite restourant is the Sparkling Cafe. (B) It is near the beach and (C) is a very cozy cafe. It is (D) not too expensive, too.

2. I like (A) these kind (B) of restourants too. I don’t (C) go for the big, noisy and (D) expensive price.

3. The  Raga clothing (A) is good as the Wema clothing, (B) in fact. Actually, I (C) would rather go to the Raga. (D) It’s closer to the house.

4. (A) He prefers the (B) Raga Hotel because (C) he feels the service (D) is more better.

5. The Weather Bureau (A) is announced that the rain (B) will continue for (C) another 36 hours. People (D) are advised to stay indoors.

Answer : 1. A 2. A 3. A 4. D 5

Error identification – Extra practice exercises. Decide which part of the sentence is grammatically incorrect. Then look at the answers below.

•           He wanted always to be a doctor and after doing medicine he now works in a hospital.

•           The informations they gave us was not very helpful so I consulted the website instead.

Answers With Explanations

•           always wanted (frequency adverb goes before the main verb)

•           the informations (information = uncountable noun)

Reference :

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/tenses/simple_future.htm

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/gofut.htm

http://www.englishleap.com/grammar/future-continuous-tense

http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/toefl_grammar.html